Evidence · sources

24 sources. Every figure traces to one.

Where a figure appears on this site, it came from one of these documents. Where a source is marked "partial," the document has been identified but the exact locator is still being confirmed, and the figure is not used on a sales page until it is.

SourcePublisherDateSupportsStatus
PatentVest Pulse Report: Brain-Computer Interfaces PatentVest April 2025 Source for the projected US BCI market size, patent family count, organization count, total publication count and the IP leader designations. Figures: $400B; 2,160; 664; 3,336. verified
The risks and challenges of neurotechnologies for human rights (Hain et al.) UNESCO 2023 Source for cumulative 2010 to 2020 neurotechnology investment. Figures: $33.2B. verified
Safeguarding Brain Data: Assessing the Privacy Practices of Consumer Neurotechnology Companies Neurorights Foundation April 2024 Survey of 30 consumer neurotechnology companies’ data practices. Figures: 29 of 30. verified
State neural data privacy legislation tracker Future of Privacy Forum 2025 Source for the four enacted state neural-data laws. verified
Neural data legislation: early 2026 activity Cooley LLP February 2026 Source for the count of new bills and states in the first six weeks of 2026. Figures: 9 bills in 6 states. verified
Six Paths to the Nonsurgical Future of Brain-Machine Interfaces DARPA May 20, 2019 Official announcement naming the six N3 teams. Figures: 6; $100M+. verified
Reporting on DARPA N3 grant awards IEEE Spectrum 2019 Source for the $19.48M and $18M reported grant figures. Figures: $19.48M and $18M. verified
Rice University MOANA Phase II contract Military & Aerospace Electronics 2021 Source for the $9.8M Phase II figure. Figures: $9.8M. verified
Statements by Al Emondi, N3 program manager DARPA 2019 Source for the 50 millisecond read/write latency specification. Figures: 50 ms. verified
6G: The Next Horizon (white paper) Huawei 2021 Source for the "augmented human sensing" use case language. Figures: "augmented human sensing". verified
ETSI GR ISC 001: Integrated Sensing and Communication, use cases and deployment scenarios ETSI ISG ISAC April 2025 Industry specification group report that includes human sensing scenarios. Figures: ETSI GR ISC 001. verified
Brain-computer interface with metasurface and 6G wireless link Nature Communications August 2025 Bridge paper linking BCI hardware to 6G infrastructure. Exact title and DOI to be confirmed before it is quoted on the Signal Shield page. partial
Tower counts from company investor materials (American Tower, Crown Castle, SBA Communications, Vertical Bridge) Company filings 2025 The 115,000+ figure is the sum of the four reported US tower counts. Figures: 115,000+. verified
Company patent portfolio counts Google Patents and PatentVest April 2026 Synchron 118, Neuralink 87, Precision Neuroscience 80, Paradromics 28, Blackrock about 50, Panasonic 33. The roughly 380 total is the sum across Brain Shield recipients. Figures: ~380. verified
Girardi v. Emotiv Inc. Supreme Court of Chile August 2023 First national supreme court ruling ordering a neurotechnology company to delete a user’s brain data. verified
Carpenter v. United States, 585 U.S. 296 Supreme Court of the United States June 22, 2018 Held that government acquisition of historical cell-site location records is a Fourth Amendment search. verified
23andMe bankruptcy sale to TTAM Research Institute 23andMe press releases; U.S. Bankruptcy Court, E.D. Missouri June 13, 2025 (agreement); July 2025 (closing) TTAM Research Institute, the nonprofit founded by Anne Wojcicki, bought 23andMe and its data for $305 million after a final round of bidding, outbidding Regeneron’s May 2025 $256 million agreement. About 15 million people’s genetic records changed hands through a bankruptcy court. Figures: 15,000,000; $305M. verified
USPTO trademark applications: Telepathy, Blindsight, Telekinesis USPTO March 2025 Filed by Neuralink Corp. Figures: Telepathy, Blindsight, Telekinesis. verified
Neuralink Corp. re-domestication filing Nevada Secretary of State February 8, 2024 Move from Delaware to Nevada confirmed; registered agent lookup still pending. partial
Patent and Law Research Handoff for the Website Build (state and federal law status as of Sept. 14, 2026) Ediflo.AI research, checked against enrolled bills and legislative records September 19, 2026 Bill numbers, signing and effective dates, definitions and enforcement provisions for Colorado, California, Montana, Connecticut and Vermont; the MIND Act; 2026 bills that did not pass. Figures: S. 2925. verified
Recommendation on the Ethics of Neurotechnology UNESCO, 43rd General Conference November 5, 2025 Non-binding recommendation; in force November 12, 2025. Figures: November 5, 2025. verified
Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 (AI Act), Article 5(1)(f) and Article 50 European Union Applicable February 2, 2025 and August 2, 2026 Prohibition on emotion inference from biometric data in workplaces and schools; transparency duties for emotion-recognition systems. Figures: EUR 35M or 7%. verified
Patent and Law Research Handoff for the Website Build (patent verification pass) Ediflo.AI research, checked on Google Patents Sept. 8 and 14, 2026 September 19, 2026 Source for every 2025 and 2026 patent number, grant date, assignee and verbatim excerpt on the site, and for the corrections to the April 2026 appendix. verified
IEEE 802.11bf, Wi-Fi sensing amendment IEEE 2025 The Wi-Fi sensing standard; commercial grants include Cognitive Systems US12452722B2 and Origin Wireless US12216190B2. verified