Evidence · patents
30 documents cited in every Brain Shield notice.
The earliest was granted in 1976. 12 were granted in 2025 or 2026. "Patent" means granted; "published application" means filed and published, not granted; "expired" means the term has run. Titles are quoted as filed, descriptions state what the document describes, and every number links to Google Patents. Every entry was checked there on September 8 or 14, 2026.
3 entries carry a "title to confirm" note: the number is verified and the title shown is descriptive until the filed title is copied in.
The newest filings
14 documents granted or published since January 2025.
A patent grant examines novelty and disclosure, not efficacy. What these establish is what the assignee built and claimed, when.
| Number | Status | Date | Title as filed | Assignee | What it describes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| US12539083B2 | granted patent | Feb. 3, 2026 | Electrode fabrication and design | Neuralink Corp. | Biocompatible multi-electrode arrays designed for implantation in brain tissue, and how to make them."Disclosed are biocompatible multi-electrode devices capable of being implanted in sensitive tissue, such as the brain, and methods for fabricating such arrays." |
| US12547711B2 | granted patent | Feb. 10, 2026 | Out-of-band pairing for wireless neural implant | Neuralink Corp. | How a neural implant confirms a wireless connection to a phone or computer."Systems and methods confirm a wireless pairing between an implanted device, such as a neural implant, and an external device, such as a computer or mobile device." |
| US12554326B2 | granted patent | Feb. 17, 2026 | Systems and methods for controlling a device using detected changes in a neural-related signal | Synchron Australia Pty Ltd | Controlling a device from changes in a neural signal detected by an interface implanted in the brain; Synchron’s implant is delivered through a blood vessel."The neural-related signal can be detected using a neural interface implanted within a brain of the subject." |
| US12530080B2 | granted patent | Jan. 20, 2026 | Systems and methods for self-calibrating neural decoding | Precision Neuroscience Corp. | An external device recalibrates the model that translates recorded brain data into the thought or action the person performed."The neural decoding model correlates the data received from the neural device with a corresponding thought or action performed by the subject." |
| US12548570B1 | granted patent | Feb. 10, 2026 | Neural foundation models for brain-computer interface | Precision Neuroscience Corp. | Decoding speech from recorded brain signals using large foundation models."A method and system for decoding speech based on recorded brain signals is provided." |
| US20250090067A1 | published application | Mar. 20, 2025 | Low-area, low-power neural recording circuit, and method of training the same | Paradromics Inc. and Caeleste CVBA | A sensor circuit for recording the firing of individual neurons, designed for high-channel-count implants. |
| US12461595B2 | granted patent | Nov. 4, 2025 | System and method for embedded cognitive state metric system | Emotiv Inc. | A consumer EEG headset measures the user’s cognitive state while they consume content, and an interface lets a third party request that cognitive-state data."Providing an interface configured to enable a third party to request cognitive state data of the user as the user interacts with a content-providing source." |
| US12440167B2 | granted patent | Oct. 14, 2025 | In-ear EEG electrode | Meta Platforms Technologies, LLC | An electrode in the ear canal that reads brain activity; the claims cover signal verification rather than decoding. Published as US20230320669A1. |
| US20250104861A1 | published application | Mar. 27, 2025 | Large-scale training of foundation models for physiological signals from wearable electronic devices | Apple Inc. | Trains large machine-learning models on physiological signals from wearables to predict a user’s physiological state. The specification names PPG, ECG, EEG, EMG, EOG and skin-conductance signals."The apparatus can deploy the trained machine learning model to predict a physiological state of the user." |
| US12422934B2 | granted patent | Sept. 23, 2025 | Techniques for neuromuscular-signal-based detection of in-air hand gestures for text production and modification | Meta Platforms Technologies, LLC | A wrist-worn device reads neuromuscular signals and detects hand gestures made in the air to type and edit text. The technology behind Meta’s Neural Band. Nerve-to-muscle signals at the wrist, not the brain. |
| US12433529B1 | granted patent | Oct. 7, 2025 | Wearable device with a band portion for determining gestures using differential neuromuscular sensors and an inertial measurement unit | Meta Platforms Technologies, LLC | A band with paired neuromuscular sensors and motion sensors that determines the gesture a user intends to perform and triggers an action on a computer. |
| US12504816B2 | granted patent | Dec. 23, 2025 | Wearable devices and associated band structures for sensing neuromuscular signals using sensor pairs in respective pods | Meta Platforms Technologies, LLC (originally Thalmic Labs) | The band structure of a wrist-worn neuromuscular sensing device: pairs of sensors in pods around the wrist feeding one processor. |
| US12452722B2 | granted patent | Oct. 21, 2025 | Systems and methods for Wi-Fi sensing | Cognitive Systems Corp. | Wi-Fi devices take sensing measurements from the signals exchanged between ordinary network equipment to detect motion and presence in a space."Sensing devices described herein are configured to provide Wi-Fi sensing measurements based on the reception of messages transmitted from remote devices." |
| US12216190B2 | granted patent | Feb. 4, 2025 | Method, apparatus, and system for wireless sensing based on linkwise motion statistics | Origin Research Wireless Inc. | Detects the motion of people in a venue from how their movement disturbs the multipath radio channel between wireless devices."Wherein the wireless multipath channel is impacted by a motion of an object in the venue." |
Reading brain activity without contact (3)
Documents describing measurement of brain activity through radio or electromagnetic links, with no electrode on the body.
| Number | Status | Date | Title as filed | Assignee | What the document describes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20240065594 | published application | Feb. 2024 | Non-invasive mind reading using coherent radio waves | Published US application | The application describes passing coherent radio waves through brain tissue, where ion movement in neural channels modulates the waves, and a detector recovers the modulated signal without contact. |
| US3951134A | expired patent | 1976 | Apparatus and method for remotely monitoring and altering brain waves | Granted US patent (expired) | The patent describes transmitting electromagnetic signals to the brain at a distance, receiving the signal the brain modulates, and decoding it remotely. |
| US6011991A | expired patent | Jan. 2000 | Communication system and method including brain wave analysis and/or use of brain activity | Granted US patent (filed 1998, expired) | The patent describes decoding brain-wave signals transmitted by satellite, with the subject and the decoder in different locations. |
Implanted brain-computer interfaces (11)
Documents held by companies that place electrodes in, on, or inside the vessels of the brain, and the decoding models that read them.
| Number | Status | Date | Title as filed | Assignee | What the document describes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| US12539083B2 | granted patent | Feb. 3, 2026 | Electrode fabrication and design | Neuralink Corp. | Biocompatible multi-electrode arrays designed for implantation in brain tissue, and how to make them. |
| US12547711B2 | granted patent | Feb. 10, 2026 | Out-of-band pairing for wireless neural implant | Neuralink Corp. | How a neural implant confirms a wireless connection to a phone or computer. |
| US10824579B2 | granted patent | Nov. 3, 2020 | Network-on-chip for neurological data (descriptive; title to confirm)title to confirm | Neuralink Corp. | The granted parent of the Neuralink recording-system family; US11216400B2 (Jan. 4, 2022) is its continuation with the same title and abstract. |
| US20190286592A1 | published application | Sept. 2019 | Neural interface integrated circuit | Neuralink Corp. | The application describes a chip that captures electrical brain signals and packetizes them as data. |
| US20230077899A1 | published application | Mar. 2023 | Cell-based brain-machine interface | Neuralink Corp. | The application describes a brain-machine interface built on cell-based recording. |
| US12554326B2 | granted patent | Feb. 17, 2026 | Systems and methods for controlling a device using detected changes in a neural-related signal | Synchron Australia Pty Ltd | Controlling a device from changes in a neural signal detected by an interface implanted in the brain; Synchron’s implant is delivered through a blood vessel. |
| US12530080B2 | granted patent | Jan. 20, 2026 | Systems and methods for self-calibrating neural decoding | Precision Neuroscience Corp. | An external device recalibrates the model that translates recorded brain data into the thought or action the person performed. |
| US12548570B1 | granted patent | Feb. 10, 2026 | Neural foundation models for brain-computer interface | Precision Neuroscience Corp. | Decoding speech from recorded brain signals using large foundation models. |
| US20250090067A1 | published application | Mar. 20, 2025 | Low-area, low-power neural recording circuit, and method of training the same | Paradromics Inc. and Caeleste CVBA | A sensor circuit for recording the firing of individual neurons, designed for high-channel-count implants. |
| US7120486B2 | granted patent | 2006 | Brain computer interface | Washington University | The patent describes decoding motor, speech and cognitive intent from recorded brain signals. |
| US9433789B2 | granted patent | 2016 | Method, system and apparatus for remote neural modulation brain stimulation and feedback control | Granted US patent | A surgically implanted stimulator powered by an external radio-frequency transmitter; "remote" in the title means wireless telemetry to the implant. |
Consumer devices and platform companies (10)
Documents describing brain or nerve sensing in earbuds, headsets, wristbands and wearables, and the models trained on that data.
| Number | Status | Date | Title as filed | Assignee | What the document describes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| US12461595B2 | granted patent | Nov. 4, 2025 | System and method for embedded cognitive state metric system | Emotiv Inc. | A consumer EEG headset measures the user’s cognitive state while they consume content, and an interface lets a third party request that cognitive-state data. |
| US12440167B2 | granted patent | Oct. 14, 2025 | In-ear EEG electrode | Meta Platforms Technologies, LLC | An electrode in the ear canal that reads brain activity; the claims cover signal verification rather than decoding. Published as US20230320669A1. |
| US20230225659A1 | published application | July 2023 | EEG sensing through earbuds (descriptive; title to confirm)title to confirm | Apple Inc. | A pending application describing brain-wave monitoring through earbuds. The text never says "AirPods." |
| US20250104861A1 | published application | Mar. 27, 2025 | Large-scale training of foundation models for physiological signals from wearable electronic devices | Apple Inc. | Trains large machine-learning models on physiological signals from wearables to predict a user’s physiological state. The specification names PPG, ECG, EEG, EMG, EOG and skin-conductance signals. |
| US12422934B2 | granted patent | Sept. 23, 2025 | Techniques for neuromuscular-signal-based detection of in-air hand gestures for text production and modification | Meta Platforms Technologies, LLC | A wrist-worn device reads neuromuscular signals and detects hand gestures made in the air to type and edit text. The technology behind Meta’s Neural Band. Nerve-to-muscle signals at the wrist, not the brain. |
| US12433529B1 | granted patent | Oct. 7, 2025 | Wearable device with a band portion for determining gestures using differential neuromuscular sensors and an inertial measurement unit | Meta Platforms Technologies, LLC | A band with paired neuromuscular sensors and motion sensors that determines the gesture a user intends to perform and triggers an action on a computer. |
| US12504816B2 | granted patent | Dec. 23, 2025 | Wearable devices and associated band structures for sensing neuromuscular signals using sensor pairs in respective pods | Meta Platforms Technologies, LLC (originally Thalmic Labs) | The band structure of a wrist-worn neuromuscular sensing device: pairs of sensors in pods around the wrist feeding one processor. |
| US10460455B2 | granted patent | Oct. 29, 2019 | Real-time processing of handstate representation model estimatestitle to confirm | Ctrl Labs Corp. (acquired by Meta) | The CTRL-labs wrist EMG anchor patent; nerve-to-muscle signals, not brain. |
| WO2020060606A1 | published application | Mar. 2020 | Cryptocurrency system using body activity data | Microsoft Technology Licensing, LLC | The application names brain waves among the body-activity data used as an input signal. |
| CA2886095A1 | granted patent | published 2014; granted as CA2886095C Apr. 4, 2023 | Sensory and cognitive profiling | Salk Institute and University of California, San Diego | The document describes building a sensory and cognitive profile of a person from brain signals. |
Sensing people through radio signals already in the air (3)
Granted patents for detecting the presence and motion of people from ordinary Wi-Fi signals. Commercial implementations of the sensing standards Signal Shield addresses.
| Number | Status | Date | Title as filed | Assignee | What the document describes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| US12452722B2 | granted patent | Oct. 21, 2025 | Systems and methods for Wi-Fi sensing | Cognitive Systems Corp. | Wi-Fi devices take sensing measurements from the signals exchanged between ordinary network equipment to detect motion and presence in a space. |
| US12216190B2 | granted patent | Feb. 4, 2025 | Method, apparatus, and system for wireless sensing based on linkwise motion statistics | Origin Research Wireless Inc. | Detects the motion of people in a venue from how their movement disturbs the multipath radio channel between wireless devices. |
| US5507291A | expired patent | 1996 | Method and an associated apparatus for remotely determining information as to person’s emotional state | Granted US patent (expired) | Reads pulse, respiration and pupil size at a distance and infers emotional state from them. Not a neural signal. |
Influencing the nervous system at a distance (6)
Older documents describing effects on the nervous system without contact. Cited in the notice letters for completeness of the record. Titles are quoted as filed; several are expired.
| Number | Status | Date | Title as filed | Assignee | What the document describes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4877027A | expired patent | 1989 | Hearing system | Granted US patent (expired) | The patent describes producing sound perceptible inside a person’s head by means of modulated microwave energy. |
| US6081744A | expired patent | 2000 | Electric fringe field generator for manipulating nervous systems | H. G. Loos | The patent describes influencing the nervous system with weak electric fringe fields. |
| US6238333B1 | expired patent | 2001 | Remote magnetic manipulation of nervous systems | H. G. Loos | The patent describes influencing the nervous system from a distance the text gives as several hundred meters, with a small battery-powered device. |
| US6506148B2 | expired patent | 2003 | Nervous system manipulation by electromagnetic fields from monitors | H. G. Loos | The patent describes influencing the nervous system through pulsed images on television and computer monitors. |
| US20030171688A1 | published application | 2003 | Mind controller | Published US application | The application, titled as filed, describes sensing and analyzing brain waves for control purposes. |
| US3967616A | expired patent | 1976 | Multichannel system for and a multifactorial method of controlling the nervous system of a living organism | Granted US patent (Ross, expired) | Contact EEG biofeedback with multiple channels; not remote sensing. |
Adjacent documents, outside Brain Shield and Signal Shield (4)
Vehicle biometrics and emotion inference from audio. Listed because they are part of the same research record; they belong to later products, not to these notices.
| Number | Status | Date | Title as filed | Assignee | What the document describes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| US12487329B2 | granted patent | Dec. 2, 2025 | In-vehicle biometrics with ultrawideband radar | Ford Global Technologies, LLC | Radar inside the cabin measures an occupant’s respiration rate, heart rate and heart-rate variability without contact. Ford has said its filings are not indicative of production intent. |
| US20250104469A1 | granted patent | published Mar. 27, 2025; granted May 26, 2026 as US 12,639,979 | Biometric identification in a vehicle environment | Ford Global Technologies, LLC | Cameras, fingerprint and iris scanners and microphones capture biometric information from people in or near a vehicle and compare it against a stored "security event cohort." Grant record per USPTO and Justia. |
| US12592247B2 | granted patent | Mar. 31, 2026 | Inferring emotion from speech in audio data using deep learning | Nvidia Corp. | A neural network trained to infer a speaker’s emotion from recorded audio. |
| US20250061917A1 | published application | Feb. 20, 2025 | Language-model supported speech emotion recognition | Google LLC | Uses large language models to label the emotion in recorded speech so that emotion-recognition systems can be trained on unlabeled audio at scale. |
A patent is a description of something its owner believes can be built and a claim to own it. It is not proof that the thing has been built or used. These documents are cited so that each recipient is on record as having been told which technology the refusal of consent covers. Press claims the documents do not support (a Ford "kill switch," Meta "mind reading" from a wristband, Apple radar "vital signs") do not appear on this site.